About snake's venom and its
effects.
There are about 2400 species of snakes in the world,
but only about 400 of them are poisonous.
A single injection of venom or a single bite is
all that is needed to sensitise, so you definitely
should not ask a doctor to test for sensitivity,
as this may actually produce allergy. Also, sensitisation
can occur at any time, not necessarily on the first
bite/exposure, but potentially on a later exposure,
as with bee stings. Thus, just because you have
been exposed a few times without allergic reaction,
does not mean that next time will be safe from allergy.
The clear message is; try and avoid all direct exposure
to venom (eg. bites, injection, breathing in milked
venom etc). It is a good idea to always keep antivenom
ready, but only if you have a strict rule not to
try and use it yourself, because antivenom, though
life-saving, can also have major, even fatal side
effects and should not be used outside a medical
environment.
There are thousands of venomous snakes in North
America alone, many secretive, but look out for
local herpetological societies, as a way of meeting
other keepers. Also, consider making friends with
the herp keepers at your local zoo. Anyone working
with venoms, (those milking venoms, or venom researchers)
will tell you that allergy to inhaled venom droplets
is a real issue, often forcing them to stay away
from direct contact with snakes after a few years.
There are precautions you can take to reduce the
risk, but not eliminate it. If your prime interest
is in the snakes, not the venom, then it may be
wiser to avoid milking altogether, as it may enable
you to keep working with the snakes.
In regards to milking venom, this is a very specialised
and expensive business. Increasingly, suppliers
must comply with GMP standards to be able to sell
product, requiring costly fit-out and operating
procedures. I heard of one producer, who has had
to spend around half a million dollars, just to
add another shed for keeping snakes. It will take
many years to pay this off. I suggest you contact
some of the legitimate venom producers to ask their
advice. As a starting point, try Venom Supplies
their website is http://www.venomsupplies.com/
Toxicology.
Formula: |
LD50: |
Molecular mass: |
Toxin: |
Description: |
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Myotoxin |
Myotoxins are small, basic peptides found
in snake venoms, such as in that of certain
rattlesnakes. This involves a non-enzymatic
mechanism that leads to severe muscle necrosis.
These peptides act very quickly, causing instantaneous
paralysis to prevent prey from escaping and
eventually death due to diaphragmactic paralysis. |
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Enzine |
Brakes up the tissue, same as in our stomach
to brake up our food. |
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Batrachotoxin |
Some species of frogs, are the most poisonous
in the world. Infact indians used to make poisonous
arrows from their poison. Jungle floors in Western
Colombia is the home to the dangerous and very
toxic species called Phyllobates terribilis.
These brightly colored frogs of bright golden
yellow, golden orange, or pale metallic green
exude four steroid toxins from their skin, one
of them is among the most toxic substances known
to man which is Batrachotoxin. Batrachotoxin
is an alkaloidal steroid released through colorless
or milky secretions from the granular glands
(located behind the ears and on the back) of
Phyllobates terribilis.It is ten times more
potent than Tetrodotoxin which is found in puffer
fish. |
C11H17N3O8 |
5.0 - 8.0 µg/kg |
319.28 u |
Tetrodotoxin |
is a potent neurotoxin with no known antidote,
which blocks action potentials in nerves by
binding to the pores of the voltage-gated sodium
channels in nerve cell membranes. The binding
site of this toxin is located at the pore opening
of the voltage-gated Na+ channel. Its name derives
from Tetraodontiformes, the name of the order
that includes the pufferfish, porcupinefish,
ocean sunfish or mola, and triggerfish, several
species of which carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin
was discovered in these fish and found in several
other animals, it is actually the product of
certain bacteria such as Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis,
some species of Pseudomonas and Vibrio, as well
as some others. |
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